Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) Models

Multi-Regional Input-Output (MRIO) models are tools used to estimate environmental impacts across global supply chains. They link economic data from many countries and sectors to show how producing goods or services in one place depends on inputs from elsewhere. By combining trade flows with emissions data, MRIO models help estimate impacts like Scope 3 emissions, embodied carbon, or resource use. They are widely used when supplier-specific data isn’t available, offering economy-wide coverage and consistency. However, MRIO results are high-level averages, not product-specific, so they’re best for screening, hotspot analysis, and strategic comparisons rather than detailed product reporting.