Biomethane

Biomethane is a renewable gaseous fuel produced by upgrading biogas generated through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials such as agricultural residues, food waste, manure, sewage sludge, and other biodegradable waste streams. During anaerobic digestion, microorganisms break down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, producing biogas composed mainly of methane and carbon dioxide. This biogas is then purified by removing carbon dioxide, water vapour, and trace contaminants, resulting in biomethane with a methane concentration comparable to fossil natural gas.

Because it is chemically similar to natural gas, biomethane can be injected into existing gas grids and used in industrial processes, heating systems, and transport without equipment modification. From a lifecycle perspective, biomethane can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by up to 80–90 percent compared with fossil gas, particularly when produced from waste feedstocks. It also supports circular economy objectives by valorising waste, reducing landfill methane emissions, and enabling low-carbon energy production.